Sentence structure and grammar

uses single vocalisations in response to stimuli

uses one or more words and short common phrases when imitating or chorusing with another

uses multi-word vocalisations, short common phrases and basic sentences when imitating or chorusing with another.

uses complete basic sentences and speaks audibly and with clear articulation as appropriate to developmental stage. uses some basic  connectives Connectives
Connectives are words which link paragraphs and sentences to focus on time, cause and effect, comparison or addition. Connectives relate ideas to one another and help to show the logic of the information. Connectives are important resources for creating cohesion in texts. The purposes of connectives can be grouped as follows:
temporal – to indicate time or sequence ideas (eg first, second, next)
causal – to show cause and effect (eg because, for, so)
additive – to add information (eg also, besides, furthermore)
comparative – eg rather, alternatively
conditional/concessive – to make conditions or concession (eg yet, although)
clarifying – for example in fact, for example.  to begin to join short sentences.

completes familiar rhymes and repeats short rhymes.

uses lengthier sentences with correct word order for the most part, basic  connectives Connectives
Connectives are words which link paragraphs and sentences to focus on time, cause and effect, comparison or addition. Connectives relate ideas to one another and help to show the logic of the information. Connectives are important resources for creating cohesion in texts. The purposes of connectives can be grouped as follows:
temporal – to indicate time or sequence ideas (eg first, second, next)
causal – to show cause and effect (eg because, for, so)
additive – to add information (eg also, besides, furthermore)
comparative – eg rather, alternatively
conditional/concessive – to make conditions or concession (eg yet, although)
clarifying – for example in fact, for example.  and uses plurals and simple pronouns.

mostly places the verb in the correct place in the sentence.

uses past, present and future tenses in lengthier and more  complex sentences Complex sentences
A complex sentence has an independent clause joined by one or more dependent clauses. A complex sentence always has a subordinator (also known as a subordinate conjunction) such as because, since, after, although, or when or a relative pronoun such as that, who, or which e.g. The students are studying because they have a test tomorrow.  while self-correcting.

uses prefixes and both subject and object pronouns correctly.

flexibly uses appropriate tenses,  affixes Affixes
Affixes are morphemes that are attached to a root word to form a new word e.g. build+er, un+happy or a grammatical variant of a word e.g. cat+s, walk+ed.  and reflexive pronouns and clearly articulates multi-syllabic words.

uses less common adjectives and lengthier  connectives Connectives
Connectives are words which link paragraphs and sentences to focus on time, cause and effect, comparison or addition. Connectives relate ideas to one another and help to show the logic of the information. Connectives are important resources for creating cohesion in texts. The purposes of connectives can be grouped as follows:
temporal – to indicate time or sequence ideas (eg first, second, next)
causal – to show cause and effect (eg because, for, so)
additive – to add information (eg also, besides, furthermore)
comparative – eg rather, alternatively
conditional/concessive – to make conditions or concession (eg yet, although)
clarifying – for example in fact, for example.  to elaborate.

uses qualifiers to elaborate sentences.

uses less frequently used  connectives Connectives
Connectives are words which link paragraphs and sentences to focus on time, cause and effect, comparison or addition. Connectives relate ideas to one another and help to show the logic of the information. Connectives are important resources for creating cohesion in texts. The purposes of connectives can be grouped as follows:
temporal – to indicate time or sequence ideas (eg first, second, next)
causal – to show cause and effect (eg because, for, so)
additive – to add information (eg also, besides, furthermore)
comparative – eg rather, alternatively
conditional/concessive – to make conditions or concession (eg yet, although)
clarifying – for example in fact, for example.  .

use a range of less familiar adverbial conjunctions and pronouns correctly and use clauses and qualifiers to support answers.

increasingly speaks hypothetically using ‘if’ and ‘so’ clauses.

demonstrates an understanding of the impact of varying types and lengths of sentences when listening and speaking.

uses functions of grammar effectively (for example, relative pronouns and adjectives, clauses, qualifiers, modifiers and  connectives Connectives
Connectives are words which link paragraphs and sentences to focus on time, cause and effect, comparison or addition. Connectives relate ideas to one another and help to show the logic of the information. Connectives are important resources for creating cohesion in texts. The purposes of connectives can be grouped as follows:
temporal – to indicate time or sequence ideas (eg first, second, next)
causal – to show cause and effect (eg because, for, so)
additive – to add information (eg also, besides, furthermore)
comparative – eg rather, alternatively
conditional/concessive – to make conditions or concession (eg yet, although)
clarifying – for example in fact, for example.  ) to communicate simple and complex ideas, including proposing, hypothesising and theorising.

demonstrates understanding that sentence structure and grammar conventions are less rigid in spoken (as opposed to written) language and vary depending on the  audience Audience
The audience is the intended group of readers, listeners, viewers that the writer, designer, or speaker is addressing.  , purpose and language being spoken.

selects language and structures most suited to the purpose,  audience Audience
The audience is the intended group of readers, listeners, viewers that the writer, designer, or speaker is addressing.  /listener and language being spoken.