Appreciate how scientists work and how scientific ideas are modified over time

recognise questions that are appropriate for scientific investigation, pose testable hypotheses, and evaluate and compare strategies for investigating hypotheses

design, plan and conduct investigations; explain how reliability, accuracy, precision, fairness, safety, ethics, and the selection of suitable equipment have been considered

produce and select data (qualitatively/quantitatively), critically analyse data to identify patterns and relationships, identify anomalous observations, draw and justify conclusions

review and reflect on the skills and thinking used in carrying out    investigations, and apply their learning and skills to solving problems in unfamiliar contexts

conduct research relevant to a scientific issue, evaluate different sources of information including secondary data, understanding that a source may lack detail or show bias

organise and communicate their research and investigative findings in a variety of ways fit for purpose and audience, using relevant scientific terminology and representations

evaluate media-based arguments concerning science and technology

research and present information on the contribution that scientists make to scientific discovery and invention, and its impact on society

appreciate the role of science in society; and its personal, social and global importance; and how society influences scientific research

describe the relationships between various celestial objects including moons, asteroids, comets, planets, stars, solar systems, galaxies and space

explore a scientific model to illustrate the origin of the universe

interpret data to compare the Earth with other planets and moons in the solar system, with respect to properties including mass, gravity, size, and composition

develop and use a model of the Earth-Sun-Moon system to describe predictable phenomena observable on Earth, including seasons, lunar phases, and eclipses of the Sun and the Moon

describe the cycling of matter, including that of carbon and water, associating it with biological and atmospheric phenomena

research different energy sources; formulate and communicate an informed view of ways that current and future energy needs on Earth can be met

illustrate how earth processes and human factors influence the Earth's climate, evaluate effects of climate change and initiatives that attempt to address those effects

examine some of the current hazards and benefits of space exploration and discuss the future role and implications of space exploration in society

investigate whether mass is unchanged when chemical and physical changes take place 

develop and use models to describe the atomic nature of matter; demonstrate how they provide a simple way to account for the conservation of mass, changes of state, physical change, chemical change, mixtures, and their separation

describe and model the structure of the atom in terms of the nucleus, protons, neutrons and electrons; comparing mass and charge of protons neutrons and electrons

classify substances as elements, compounds, mixtures, metals, non-metals, solids, liquids, gases and solutions

use the Periodic Table to predict the ratio of atoms in compounds of two elements

investigate the properties of different materials including solubilities, conductivity, melting points and boiling points

investigate the effect of a number of variables on the rate of chemical reactions including the production of common gases and biochemical reactions

investigate reactions between acids and bases; use indicators and the pH scale

consider chemical reactions in terms of energy, using the terms exothermic, endothermic and activation energy, and use simple energy profile diagrams to illustrate energy changes

evaluate how humans contribute to sustainability through the extraction, use, disposal, and recycling of materials

select and use appropriate measuring instruments

identify and measure/calculate length, mass, time, temperature, area, volume, density, speed, acceleration, force, potential difference, current, resistance, electrical power

investigate patterns and relationships between physical observables

research and discuss a technological application of physics in terms of scientific, societal and environmental impact 

design and build simple electronic circuits

explain energy conservation and analyse processes in terms of energy changes and dissipation

design, build, and test a device that transforms energy from one form to another in order to perform a function; describe the energy changes and ways of improving efficiency

research and discuss the ethical and sustainability issues that arise from our generation and consumption of electricity

investigate the structures of animal and plant cells and relate them to their functions

describe asexual and sexual reproduction; explore patterns in the inheritance and variation of genetically controlled characteristics

outline evolution by natural selection and how it explains the diversity of living things 

describe the structure, function, and interactions of the organs of the human digestive, circulatory, and respiratory systems

conduct a habitat study; research and investigate the adaptation, competition and interdependence of organisms within specific habitats and communities

evaluate how human health is affected by: inherited factors and environmental factors including nutrition; lifestyle choices; examine the role of micro-organisms in human health

desribe respiration and photosynthesis as both chemical and biological processes; investigate factors that affect respiration and photosynthesis

explain how matter and energy flow through ecosystems

explain human sexual reproduction; discuss medical, ethical, and societal issues

evaluate how humans can successfully conserve ecological biodiversity and contribute to global food production; appreciate the benefits that people obtain from ecosystems