Social and Applied Aspects

2.1 Introduction

The integration of social and applied aspects within the chemistry syllabus is an important change in the revised syllabus. The teaching of the new course should reflect this; the examination paper will reflect the balance between pure chemistry (70%) and social and applied aspects (30%). The social and applied aspects are intended to capture students' imagination and to encourage them to explore chemical concepts from a broader viewpoint.

Chemistry as a subject in the senior cycle curriculum serves a number of functions. One is to familiarise students with chemistry, and to interest them in proceeding with further studies in chemistry. Another is to prepare them for careers for which chemistry is a basic component, such as chemical engineering, civil engineering, medicine, pharmacy, dentistry, veterinary medicine, laboratory technician, and nursing. Yet another function is to help them understand the world in which they live. A command of the concepts of chemistry explains many of the wonders of our everyday lives. A further function is to help them develop an understanding of concepts that they, as citizens, may have to consider, particularly in relation to environmental issues, such as the location of industries. The increased emphasis on social and applied aspects of chemistry is relevant to each of these functions.

2.2 References

Some references for the major social and applied aspects included in the syllabus are listed below. In the case of the Teacher's Reference Handbook (Department of Education and Science, 2000), page reference numbers are given for both the printed version and the CD Rom version.

(Topics in asterisks are for Higher level only.)

CORE

Topic

References

Syllabus Section 1.1
History of the idea of elements
  1. The Fontana History of Chemistry
    William H. Brook (Fontana Press, 1992).
  2. "History of the idea of elements" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999).
History of the periodic table
  1. The Fontana History of Chemistry
    William H. Brook (Fontana Press, 1992).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atmoic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 2 pp. 43-48
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 64-69)
Syllabus Section 1.2
Very brief outline of the historical development of atomic theory
  1. The Fontana History of Chemistry
    William H. Brook (Fontana Press, 1992).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atmoic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 1 pp. 3-7, 9-15, 21
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 24-28; 30-36; 42)
Other topics
  1. Instrumentation Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atmoic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 1 pp. 21-23
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 42-44)
  3. "Mass Spectrometry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999)
Syllabus Section 1.3
Historical outline of readioactivity
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atmoic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 1 pp. 7-9; Chapter 2 p. 40
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 28-30; 62)
  2. Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts (John Wiley 1989), pp. 143-146.
  3. "Radioactivity" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000)
Widespread occurrence of radioactivity
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atmoic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 1 pp. 7-9; Chapter 2 p. 40
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 28-30; 62)
Food irradiation
  1. Technology Ireland, June 1987, p. 25-27: Irradiation of fruits and vegetables
  2. "Radioactivity" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000)
Other uses of radioisotopes
  1. "Radioactivity" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Syllabus Section 1.4
Atomic absorption spectrometry
  1. Instrumentation Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 3 pp. 52-53
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000)
Fireworks
  1. "Fireworks" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000)
Syllabus Section 1.5
Rusting of iron
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 3 p.51
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 593)
Swimming-pool water treatment
  1. SATIS 16-19, unit 66 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  2. "Swimming Pool Water Treatment/Bleaching" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Use of scrap iron to extract copper
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry booklet no.3, 1986), p. 170.
Purification of copperThe Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry booklet no. 3, 1986) p. 168
Syllabus Section 2.6
*Bleaches as oxidising agents or reducing agents*
  1. SATIS 16-19, unit 42 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  2. "Swimming Pool Water Treatment/Bleaching" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Syllabus Section 3.3
*Mr determination using a mass spectrometer*
  1. Instrumentation - Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 1: Atomic Structure and Trends in the Periodic Table of the Elements, Chapter 1 p.23
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 44)
Syllabus Section 5.1
Decomposition of animal waste and vegetation as methane sources
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993). Articles section pp. 7-10, 130-137.
  2. SATIS 16-19, unit 63 (Association for Science Education, 1992)
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 3 pp. 22-23
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 112-113)
Syllabus Section 5.4
Kilogram calorific values of fuels and their uses
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 1 pp. 6-7
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 407-408)
Syllabus Section 5.5
Fractionation of crude oil. Uses of the refinery gas, light gasoline, naptha, kerosene, gas oil and residue fractions
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 pp. 10-11
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 100-101)
Composition of natural gas and liquid petroleum gas (LPG)
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Fuels section, p. 28.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 p. 10
    (Department of Education and Science, 200) (CD p. 100)
Addition of mercaptans to natural gas
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 p. 11
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000)
Composition of petrol
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 23-25
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 p. 17
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 107)
Auto-ignition
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 26
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrobarbons, Chapter 2 p.17
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 107)
Octane numbers
  1. Salters Advances Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 26
  2. "Petrol and Octane Numbers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999)
  3. Teacher's Refernce Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 pp. 17-18, 20
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 107-108, 110)
*Internal combustion engine in relation to auto-ignition*
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 26.
  2. "Petrol and Octane Numbers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999).
*Relationship between octane number and:
(i) degree of branching
(ii) chain length
(iii) cyclic structure pp. 27, 29.
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000)
Lead in petrol
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 27.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 pp. 18-19
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 108-109)
Alternatives to lead in petrol: improving octane number by 2000),
(i) isomerisation pp. 27-30.
(ii) dehydrocyclisation
(iii) catalytic cracking
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann)
  2. "Petrol and Octane Numbers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999).
  3. Teacher's Refernce Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 pp. 12-14
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 102-104)
*Adding oxygenates to petrol*
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 31
  2. "Petrol and Octane Numbers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 1999)
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons Chapter 2 p. 19
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 109)
Syllabus Section 5.6
Potential of hydrogen as a fuel
  1. New Scientist: Inside Science, no. 68, 15 January 1994.
Syllabus Section 6.2
Dust explosions
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 1 pp. 10, 26-27 (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 411, 427-428)
Catalytic converters
  1. SATIS 16-19, unit 65 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  2. Chemistry in Action, col. 36 (spring 1992), p. 36-37
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 1 p. 9
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 410)
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 3 pp. 24-25
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 530-531)
Enzymes
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 2 pp. 43-44
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 444-445)
Catalyst poisons
  1. Teacher's Refernce Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 2 p. 42
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 443)
Syllabus Section 7.1
Ethanol as a solvent
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 100.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 1 p. 9
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 347)
Fermentation
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 1 pp. 10-18
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 348-356)
Methanol as a denaturing agent
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 1 p. 9 (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 347)
Syllabus Section 7.2
*Benzaldehyde in almond kernels*
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 2 p. 36
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 347)
*Propanone as a solvent*
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 100.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 2 p. 37
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 375)
Methanoic acid in nettles and ants
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 44
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 3 p. 49
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 387)
Ethanoic acid in vinegar
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 44.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 3 p. 49
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 387)
*Use of ethanoic acid in the manufacture of cellulose acetate*
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 3 p. 49
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 387)
*Use of carboxylic acids and their salts as food preservatives*
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 3 pp. 49-50
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 387-388)
*Fats as natural esters*
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 47.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Appendix A p.58
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 296)
*Ethyl ethanoate as a solvent*
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 99
*Aromas of esters*
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA, Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 57-59
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 1 p. 22
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000). (CD p. 360)
Carcinogenic nature of some aromatic compounds
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 2 pp. 19-20
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 109-110)
Syllabus Section 7.3
Industrial importance of hydrogenation of vegetable oils
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), p. 51.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 4 p. 43
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 133)
Alkenes as raw materials in the industrial manufacture of plastics
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 2: Hydrocarbons, Chapter 4 pp. 47-48
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 137-138)
Soap manufacture
  1. Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5, 1988), pp. 61-65.
Ethanal formation in the metabolism of ethanol in the human body
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 6: Alcohols, Aldehydes, Ketones and Carboxylic Acids, Chapter 1 p. 9
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 347)
Alcohols as motor fuels
  1. SATIS 16-19, unit 81 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
Syllabus Section 7.5
All topics
  1. Instrumentation - Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
Uses of chromatographic techniques
  1. "Chromatography" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Services, 2000).
Syllabus Section 8.2
Industrial applications of Le Chatelier's principle
  1. Rates of Reaction and Equilibrium (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 1, 1984), p. 46-48
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 7: Stoichiometry II, Chapter 3 p. 66
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 467)
Syllabus Section 9.2
Removal of hardness from water
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 2 pp. 20-23
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 217-220)
Syllabus Section 9.3
Water treatment
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 3 pp. 32-37
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 229-234)
Sewage treatment
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 3 pp. 41-46
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 238-243)
Eutrophication
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 3 pp. 47-50
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 244-247)
Awareness that there are EU limits for various chemical species in water
  1. 'Drinking Water' unit Science Across Europe, (Association for Science Education).
Syllabus Section 9.4
Organic chemical pollutants in water
  1. Chemistry in Action vol. 35 (autumn 1991), pp. 26-34
Other topics
  1. Insturmentation - Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
Atomic absorption spectrometry
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 4: Environmental Chemistry - Water, Chapter 3 pp. 52-53
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 249-250)
  

OPTIONS

Topic

References

Syllabus Section 1A.1
Awareness of the contributions of chemistry to society
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 3: Industrial Chemistry, Chapter 1 p.5
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 162)
General principles of industrial chemistry
  1. Industrial Chemistry (General Principles) and Industrial Visits - Teacher Guidelines (see section 4).
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 286-296
Industrial visits
  1. Industrial Chemistry (General Principles) and Industrial Visits - Teacher Guidelines (see Section 4).
  2. The Chemical Industry in Ireland: A Directory for Teachers by Peter Childs and Marie Walsh (Schools Information Centre on the Irish Chemical Industry, 1989)
Syllabus Section 1A.2
Awareness of the range and scope of the irish chemical industry
  1. Teh Chemical Industry in Ireland: A Directory Teachers by Peter Childs and Marie Walsh (Schools Information Centre on the Irish Chemical Industry, 1989).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 3: Industrial Chemistry, Chapter 1 p. 5
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p.162)
Industrial Case Studies
 
(a) Ammonia and urea manufacture
  1. "Industrial Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 3: Industrial Chemistry, Chapter 2 pp. 7-12
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 164-169)
(b) Nitric acid manufacture
  1. "Manufacture of Nitric Acid and Calcium Ammonium Nitrate" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2001).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 3: Industrial Chemistry, Chapter 3 pp. 13-21
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 170-178)
(c) Magnesium oxide manufacture
  1. "Premier Periclase Case Study" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000)
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 3: Industrial Chemistry, Chapter 4 pp. 25-37
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (Cd pp. 182-194)
Syllabus Section 1B.1
Manufacture of oxygen
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 1 pp. 3-4
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 509-510)
Uses of liquid nitrogen
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 1, p. 4
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 510)
Syllabus Section 1B.2
Uses of nitrogen
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 1 p. 4
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (Cd p. 510)
Syllabus Section 1B.3
Carbon monoxide as a poison
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 3 pp. 20-21
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 526-527)
The greenhouse effect
  1. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  2. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993) Energy and the Environment section, pp. 21-22.
  3. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 79-82.
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 2 pp. 7-8
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 513-514)
Greenhouse gases and their relative effects
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, pp. 21-22. Articles section pp. 41-44
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 81-82.
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 2 pp. 8-10
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 514-516).
Reduction of atmospheric carbon dioxide by dissolving in the oceans
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000) pp. 87-88.
  2. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt 1993). Articles section, p.42
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Possible implications of the increased greenhouse effect
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, pp. 21-22. Articles section, pp. 161-162.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry Chapter 2 pp. 11-17 (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 517-523)
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Syllabus Section 1B.4
Acid rain and its effects on the environment
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, pp. 14-15, 20. Articles section pp. 1-4.
  2. SATIS 16-19, unit 95 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 3 pp. 21-22
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 527-528)
Syllabus Section 1B.5
Formation of ozone in the stratosphere
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, p. 23. Articles section, p. 92.
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Stroylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 66-67
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 p. 29 (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 535)
  4. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Beneficial effect of the ozone layer
  1. Energy conservation and the Environment (Forbairt 1993), Energy and the Environment section, p. 23 Articles section, p. 93.
  2. Salters Advances Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann 2000), p. 66
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 p. 28
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 534)
*Photodissociation of ozone*
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt 1993), Energy and the Environment section, p. 23; Articles section, p.92
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 67.
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 p. 29
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 535)
  4. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
*Use of CFCs*
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt 1993). Articles section, pp. 101-103.
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 75-76.
  3. SATIS 16-19, unit 12 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  4. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  5. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 p. 30
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 536)
*Residence times of CFCs*
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Stroylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000) pp. 75-76.
*Breakdown of CFCs in the stratosphere*
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), p. 72
  2. SATIS 16-19, unit 12 (Association for Science Education, 1992)
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 p. 31
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 537)
  4. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
*Removal of ozone*
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, p. 23-24
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 68-69.
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 pp. 31-34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 537-540)
*Role of methane in absorbing Cl atoms*
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Stroylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 76-77
  2. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
CFCs are believed to be the main cause of damage to the ozone layer
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, pp. 23-24
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 pp. 31-32
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 537-538)
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000)
Effects of damage to the ozone layer
  1. Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993), Energy and the Environment section, pp. 23-24.
  2. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 77-79.
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 pp. 27-29
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 533-535)
*Replacements for CFCs*
  1. SATIS 16-19, unit 12 (Association for Science Education, 1992).
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 8: Atmospheric Chemistry, Chapter 4 pp. 32-33
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 538-539)
  3. "Atmospheric Chemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Syllabus Section 2A.1
All topics
  1. Instrumentation - Teacher Guidelines (see section 3).
  2. "Crystals" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Contributions of the Braggs
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 5: Stoichiometry I Chapter 1 pp. 6-8
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 267-269)
Contributions of Dorothy Hodgkin
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 5: Stoichiometry I Chapter 1 p. 8
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 269)
Discovery of buckminsterfullerene
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 5: Stoichiometry I Chapter 1 p. 4
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 265)
Syllabus Section 2A.2
Uses of polymers
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 1 pp. 3-4
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 545-546)
  2. "Polymers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Brief history of the discovery of low-density poly(ethene)
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 94-96.
  2. Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts (John Wiley, 1989), pp. 177-181.
  3. "Polymers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  4. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 1 pp. 6-7
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 548-549)
*Brief history of the discovery of high-density poly(ethene)
  1. Salters Advanced Chemistry: Chemical Storylines (second edition) (Heinemann, 2000), pp. 96-98.
  2. Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts (John Wiley 1989) pp. 182-185.
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 1 pp. 7-9
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 549-551)
  4. "Polymers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
*Brief history of the discovery of PTFE/poly(tetrafluroethene)
  1. Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts (John Wiley 1989), pp. 187-191.
  2. "Polymers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: ChemistryvModule 9: Materials Chapter 1 pp. 9-10
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 551-552)
Recycling of plastics
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 1 pp. 15-18
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 557-560)
  2. "Polymers" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Carbon in steel and hardness
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 3 pp. 49-50
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 591-592)
  2. "Steel" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Syllabus Section 2B.1
Contributions of Galvani, Volta, Davy and Faraday
  1. Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science by Royston M. Roberts (John Wiley 1989), p. 16-18.
  2. "Early History of Electrochemistry" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
  3. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 pp. 20- 21
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 562-563)
Syllabus Section 2B.3
Corrosion prevention
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 pp. 28-29
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 570-571)
Sacrificial anodes
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 29
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 571)
Syllabus Section 2B.4
*Manufacture of sodium*
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), pp. 114-115.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 31
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 573)
Uses of sodium
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 116.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 31
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 573)
*Manufacture of aluminium*
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 127-132.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 pp. 32-34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 574-576)
Uses of aluminium
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 132.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 576)
*Chlorine is an important by-product of sodium production*
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 114.
*Environmental aspects of aluminium production*
  1. Chemistry in Action, vol. 15, p. 17, 1985.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 576)
*Economies of cheap electricity in the extraction of aluminium*
  1. Chemistry in Action, vol. 15, p. 14, 1985
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 pp. 33-34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 575-576)
*Porous nature of the oxide layer formed by anodising*
  1. Chemistry in Action, vol. 15, p. 22, 1985.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 pp. 34-35
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD pp. 576-577)
Recycling of aluminium
  1. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials, Chapter 2 p. 34
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 576)
Syllabus Section 2B.5
Manufacture of iron and steel
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 152-163.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 3 pp. 48-50
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000)(CD pp. 590-592)
Uses of iron
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3.), p. 163.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 3 p. 49
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 591)
Uses of steel
  1. The Extraction of Metals (ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3), p. 163.
Electric are process for steel manufacture
  1. From Scrap Iron to Structural Steel (Booklet and videotape), Irish Steel.
  2. Teacher's Reference Handbook: Chemistry Module 9: Materials Chapter 3 p. 50
    (Department of Education and Science, 2000) (CD p. 592)
  3. "Steel" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).
Environmental aspects of iron and steel production"Steel" (Leaving Certificate Physics and Chemistry Support Service, 2000).

2.3 Magazines and Journals

(Several of the periodicals listed below are available at a reduced rate to subscribers to the Royal Society of Chemistry Schools Publication Service. For more information about this service contact: Education Officer, Schools and Colleges, Royal Society of Chemistry, Burlington House, Piccadilly, London WV OBN1, England.)

Chemistry in Action

(available from Dr Peter Childs, University of Limerick, Limerick).

3 issues per annum.

Free to teachers of chemistry in Ireland who are registered on the mailing list. Included in the RSC Schools Publication Service.

Chem 13 News

(Canadian)

10 issues per annum.

Included in the RSC Schools Publication Service.

Education in Chemistry

(published by the Royal Society of Chemistry).

6 issues per annum.

Included in the RSC Schools Publication Service.

Science

(published by the Irish Science Teachers' Association).

3 issues per annum.

School Science Review

(published by the Association for Science Education in England).

4 issues per annum.

Free to ASE members.

Chemmatters

(published by the American Chemical Society).

4 issues per annum.

Included in the RSC Schools Publication Service.

Chemistry in Britain

(published by the Royal Society of Chemistry).

12 issues per annum.

Free to RSC members.

Technology Ireland

(published by Forfás).

11 issues per annum.

New Scientist

(published by IPC magazines).

Issued weekly.

These periodicals contain information relating to the pure chemistry components of the course, as well as to the social and applied aspects.

A more extensive list of periodicals may be found in Resources for Teaching Chemistry: A Directory forChemistry Teachers, published by the Schools Information Centre on the Irish Chemical Industry, and compiled by Dr Peter Childs and Marie Walsh, University of Limerick, Limerick.

2.4 Books

The following list includes the books listed in section 2.2 and some others that may be useful, especially in dealing with the newer components of the social and applied aspects. All these books contain relevant information about the pure chemistry components of the syllabus also. This is not an exhaustive list, and teachers are encouraged to develop a wide library of resource materials.

Brock, William H.

The Fontana History of Chemistry

(Fontana Press, 1992)

Childs, Peter, and Walsh, Marie

The Chemical Industry in Ireland: A Directory for Teachers

(Schools Information Centre on the Irish Chemical Industry)

Childs, Peter, and Walsh, Marie

Resources for Teaching Chemistry

(Schools Information Centre on the Irish Chemical Industry)

Flatow, Ira

They all laughed (Harper Perennial)

Forbairt

Energy Conservation and the Environment (Forbairt, 1993)

ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 1

Rates of Reaction and Equilibrium

ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 2

Oxidation - Reduction Reactions

ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 3

The Extraction of Metals

ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 4

Industrial Chemistry

ISTA Chemistry Booklet no. 5

Organic Chemicals in Everyday Life

Roberts, Royston M.

Serendipity: Accidental Discoveries in Science (John Wiley, 1989)

Salters Advanced Chemistry

Chemical Storylines (Heinemann, 2000)

Salters Advanced Chemistry

Activities and Assessment Pack (Heinemann, 2000)

Salters Advanced Chemistry

Teacher's Guide (Heinemann, 2000)

SATIS 16-19

(Association for Science Education, 1992)

Science Across Europe

(Association for Science Education)

2.5 Internet

An ever-growing number of useful resources for chemistry teaching is available on the internet. As web site references can rapidly go out of date, only a very limited number of references is included below. These are correct at the time of printing, but may change without notice. A more extensive list of references will be included in the web site edition of this document.

Examples of web sites include:

http://www.sigma-aldrich.com/

Material safety data sheets (MSDS) are available on this site.

http://www.rsc.org/

This site belongs to the Royal Society of Chemistry which contains many links to other useful sites.

http://www.anachem.umu.se/eks/pointers.htm

This site contains links to a comprehensive list of chemistry teaching resources on the internet, including demonstrations and experiments, the history of chemistry, and curiosities related to chemistry.

http://chemistry.rsc.org/rsc/chem-img.htm

This site contains listings and reviews of useful chemistry videotapes.

 
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