Appendices

Appendix 1 - Detailed list of Additions and Deletions

This appendix provides a detailed list of additions and deletions compared with the former (1983) Leaving Certificate Chemistry syllabus.

Completely new syllabus subsections are denoted by asterisks (*). Material in italics refers to the Higher level syllabus only. The numbering, in this section refers directly to the syllabus, for example 1.1, 2.1, etc.

Section One - Periodic Table and Atomic Structure

1.1 Periodic Table

Added: History of the idea of elements.

1.2 Atomic Structure

Added:

• Outline of the historical development of atomic theory.
• Fundamental processes that occur in a mass spectrometer.

1.3 *Radioactivity

1.4 Electronic Structure of Atoms

Added: Organisation of particles in atoms 1-20 (numbers of electrons in each main energy level). Social and applied aspects.

Deleted: Electronic configurations of ions of d block metals.

Deleted from Ordinary level only:

• Emission spectra.
• Evidence for energy levels.
• Energy sub-levels.
• Atomic orbitals.
• Electronic configurations (s, p, etc.) of atoms and ions.
• Ionisation energy.

1.5 Oxidation and Reduction

Added: Electrolysis of aqueous potassium iodide solution. Displacement reactions of metals-experiment. Social and applied aspects.

Deleted: Electrolysis of aqueous copper sulfate using inert electrodes. Faraday's laws.

Section Two - Chemical Bonding

Deleted: General properties of typical chlorides and oxides.

2.1 Chemical Compounds

Added: Social and applied aspects.

2.2 Ionic Bonding

Added: Social and applied aspects. Test for phosphate ion.

Deleted: Tests for bromide, iodide and thiosulfate ions.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Tests for sulfite and hydrogencarbonate ions.

2.3 Covalent Bonding

Added:

• Distinction between sigma and pi bonding.
• Social and applied aspects.
• Polarity test for liquids.

2.5 Shapes of Molecules and Intermolecular Forces

Deleted: Shapes of molecules with pi bonds.

Deleted from Ordinary level only:

• Intermolecular forces.
• Electron pair repulsion theory.

2.6 Oxidation Numbers

Added: Social and applied aspects.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Oxidation numbers.

Section Three - Stoichiometry, Formulas and Equations

3.1 Particulate Nature of Matter

Deleted:

• Bromine diffusion experiment.
• Oil film experiment.
• Brownian movement.

3.2 Gas Laws

Added:

• Boyle's law.
• Charles's law.
• Social and applied aspects.

Deleted:

• Law of combining volumes experiment.
• Dalton's law.
• Graham's law.

Deleted from Ordinary level only:

• Kinetic theory of gases.
• PV = nRT.
• Gay-Lussac's law of combining volumes.
• Avogadro's law.

3.3 The Mole

Added: Social and applied aspects.

3.4 Chemical Formulas

Deleted: Formula determination experiment.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Calculation of empirical formulas, given the masses of reactants and products.

3.5 Chemical Equations

Added: Calculations involving excess of one reactant.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Percentage yields.

Section Four - Volumetric Analysis

4.1 Concentration of Solutions

Added:

• Calculation of effect of dilution on concentration.
• Social and applied aspects.

Deleted from Ordinary level only:

• Concentrations in % (w/v) and % (w/w)
• Calculations involving % (w/v) % (v/v) and % (w/w).

4.2 Acids and Bases

Added: Social and applied aspects.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Brönsted-Lowry theory.

4.3 Volumetric Analysis

Added:

• Determination of the concentration of ethanoic acid in vinegar.
• Determination of iron in an iron tablet.
• Experiment to determine the amount of water of crystallisation in a compound.
• Experiment to determine the percentage (w/v) of hypochlorite in bleach.

Added to Ordinary level only: Use of a hydrochloric acid and sodium hydroxide titration to prepare a salt - experiment.

Deleted:

• Permanganate and ethanedioate titrations.
• Back titrations.

Section Five - Fuels and Heats of Reaction

5.1 Sources of Hydrocarbons

Added:

• Hazards of methane production.
• Methane as a contributor to the greenhouse effect.

5.2 Structure of Aliphatic Hydrocarbons

Deleted: Isomers of hydrocarbons with more than four carbon atoms (except pentane).

5.3 Aromatic hydrocarbons

Added: Structure of ethylbenzene.

5.4 Exothermic and Endothermic Reactions

Deleted:

• Heat of combustion experiment.
• Calculation of empirical formulas from combustion data.
• Bond energy calculations.
• Kilogram calorific value calculations.
• Heat of neutralisation.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Hess's law.

5.5 Oil Refining and its Products

Added:

• Composition of natural gas and LPG.
• Addition of mercaptans to natural gas.
• Petrol and octane numbers.

Deleted:

• Distillation of crude oil experiment.
• Cracking experiment.

5.6 Other Chemical Fuels

Deleted: Addition reactions of alkynes.

Section Six - Rates of Reaction

6.1 Reaction Rates

Added: Monitoring the rate of production of oxygen from hydrogen peroxide, using manganese dioxide as a catalyst - experiment.

6.2 Factors affecting Rates of Reaction

Added: Social and applied aspects.

Section Seven - Organic Chemistry

7.1 Tetrahedral Carbon

Added: Social and applied aspects.

Deleted: Traditional names for organic compounds.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Chloroalkanes.

7.2 Planar Carbon

Added: Social and applied aspects.

Deleted: Traditional names for organic compounds.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Ketones.

7.3 Organic Chemical Reaction Types

Added:

• Combustion of organic compounds.
• Social and applied aspects (most of).
• Evidence for reaction mechanisms.
• Organic synthesis: principles and examples.

Deleted:

• Specific reaction conditions for organic chemical reactions.
• Dehydrogenation of alcohols.
• Chlorination of alcohols.
• Breathalyser.
• Hydrolysis of chloroalkanes.
• Industrial preparation of most organic compounds.
• Mechanism of free radical polymerisation.
• Oxidation of secondary alcohols.
• Acid hydrolysis of esters.
• Use of LiAlH4and NaBH4to reduce carbonyl compounds.
• Condensation reactions of aldehydes and ketones.
• Experiment involving Brady' s reagent.

7.4 *Organic Natural Products

7.5 Chromatography and Instrumentation in Organic Chemistry

Added:

• Instrumental methods of separation and analysis, and their uses.
• Social and applied aspects.

Section Eight - Chemical Equilibrium

Deleted:

• K_c determination experiment.
• K_p

8.2 Le Chatelier's Principle

Added: Cobalt chloride experiment.

Deleted:

• Bismuth chloride experiment.
• N2O4/NO2 experiments.

Section Nine - Environmental Chemistry: Water

It is strongly recommended that students visit a water treatment plant, industrial or municipal.

9.1 pH Scale

Deleted from Ordinary level only:

• Choice of indicator.
• K_w

9.2 Hardness in Water

Added: Tests on scale deposits in a kettle.

9.3 Water Treatment

Added:

• Pollution by heavy metal ions, and their removal by precipitation.
• Social and applied aspects.

9.4 Water Analysis

Added:

• Instrumental methods of analysis and their uses.
• Colorimetric experiment.

Option 1A - Additional Industrial Chemistry

It is strongly recommended that students visit a local chemical industry, and that this visit be a structured one.

Deleted:

• Properties of nitric acid, nitrates, sulfites and sulfuric acid. Experiment to determine ammonia in a fertiliser.
• Industrial manufacture of sulfuric acid.

1A.1 * Principles of Industrial Chemistry

1A.2 * Case Studies

Option 1B - Atmospheric Chemistry

1B.1 Oxygen

Added: Social and applied aspects.

1B.2 Nitrogen

Added: Social and applied aspects.

1B.3 Carbon Dioxide

Added:

• The greenhouse effect (detailed treatment).
• Other social and applied aspects.
• Demonstration.

Deleted from Ordinary level only: Carbon dioxide in water.

1B.4 Atmospheric Pollution

Added:

• Demonstration.
• Scrubbing of waste gases.

1B.5 *The Ozone Layer

Option 2A - Materials (Crystals, Addition Polymers, Metals)

2A.1 Crystals

Added:

• Metallic crystals.
• Social and applied aspects.

2A.2 Addition Polymers

Added:

• Historical aspects.
• Recycling.
• Poly(propene).
• Demonstration.
• Deleted: Polyesters.
• Poly(propenonitrile).
• Preparation of poly(phenylethene) experiment.

Option 2B - Additional Electrochemistry and the Extraction of Metals

Deleted: Fuel cells.

2B. 1 The Electrochemical Series

Added: Historical aspects.

Deleted:

• The effect of heat on metal nitrates, carbonates, and hydroxides.
• Reactions of metals with air, water and acids.

2B.4 Strongly Electropositive Metals (Na and Al)

Added: Recycling of aluminium.

Deleted: Extraction, occurrence and uses of calcium and magnesium.

2B.5 d-Block Metals

Added: Electric arc process for steel manufacture.

Deleted: Detail on extraction, occurrence and uses of copper and zinc.

Appendix 2

The following is a suggested list of chemicals appropriate for Leaving Certificate Chemistry; it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive. Valid alternatives may be available for some of the chemicals listed.

Name

• Aluminium foil
• Aluminium metal sheets (packet)
• Aluminium oxide
• Aluminium powder
• Aluminium sulfate
• Ammonia 0.88
• Ammonium chloride
• Ammonium iron(II) sulfate
• Ammonium metavanadate
• Ammonium molybdate
• Ammonium nitrate
• Ammonium phosphate
• Ammonium sulfate
• Ampoules (box) hydrochloric acid solution
• Ampoules (box) potassium manganate(VII) (potassium permanganate) solution
• Ampoules (box) sodium hydroxide solution
• Ampoules (box) sulfuric acid solution
• Anti-bumping granules
• Barium chloride
• Benzaldehyde
• Benzoic acid
• Bismuth trichloride
• Bleach (liquid)
• Bleaching powder
• Bromine
• Buffer solution, pH 10
• Buffer solutions, pH 4, 7
• Butan-1-ol
• Butanal
• Butanoic acid
• Butanone
• Calcium carbide
• Calcium carbonate
• Calcium chloride
• Calcium granules
• Calcium hydroxide
• Calcium oxide
• Candles
• Carbon electrodes (packet)
• Citric acid
• Cloves
• Cobalt chloride
• Copper electrodes
• Copper turnings
• Copper wire (bare 22 swg)
• Copper(I) oxide
• Copper(II) carbonate
• Copper(II) chloride
• Copper(II) chromate
• Copper(II) oxide
• Copper(II) sulfate
• Copper(II) sulfate anhydrous
• Cyclohexane
• Decon 90
• Detergent
• Dyes, water-soluble, red and blue
• EDTA disodium salt
• Ethanal (Acetaldehyde)
• Ethanedioic acid (oxalic acid)
• Ethanoic acid (acetic acid)
• Ethanol 95% (industrial methylated spirits)
• Ethyl benzoate
• Ethyl ethanoate (ethyl acetate)
• Fehling's solution no. 1
• Fehling's solution no. 2
• Glass wool
• Glucose, anhydrous
• Glycerol
• Heptane
• Hydrochloric acid
• Hydrogen peroxide 100 vol
• Indicator paper box (selection)
• Iodine
• Iron tablets (packet)
• Iron(II) sulfate
• Iron(III) chloride
• Lard
• Lauroyl peroxide
• Lead bromide
• Lead electrodes
• Lead ethanoate
• Lithium
• Lithium chloride
• Litmus powder
• Lycopodium powder
• Magnesium carbonate
• Magnesium powder
• Magnesium ribbon
• Magnesium sulfate
• Manganese dioxide
• Manganese sulfate dihydrate
• Marble chips
• Methanal (formaldehyde) solution
• Methanoic acid (formic acid) 90%
• Methanol
• Methyl orange powder
• Methylated spirits
• Methylbenzene (toluene)
• Nitric acid
• Octane
• Packet of wooden splints
• Paraffin (liquid)
• Paraffin, light
• Pentane
• Petroleum ether (40/60)
• Petroleum jelly
• Phenolphthalein solid
• Phenylethene (styrene)
• Platinum wire
• Poly(chloroethene)
• Poly(ethene) (high-density)
• Poly(ethene) (low-density)
• Poly(phenylethene) (polystyrene)
• Poly(propene)
• Poly(tetrafluoroethene)
• Potassium bromide
• Potassium chloride
• Potassium chromate
• Potassium dichromate, crystalline
• Potassium hydroxide
• Potassium iodate
• Potassium iodide
• Potassium manganate(VII) (potassium permanganate)
• Potassium metal
• Potassium nitrate
• Potassium sodium tartrate
• Potassium thiocyanate
• Propan-1-ol
• Propan-2-ol
• Propanal (propionaldehyde)
• Propanone (acetone)
• Silver nitrate
• Sodium carbonate, anhydrous
• Sodium carbonate, hydrated
• Sodium chloride
• Sodium dichromate, crystalline
• Sodium ethanoate (sodium acetate)
• Sodium hydrogencarbonate
• Sodium hydroxide
• Sodium hypochlorite solution
• Sodium metal in paraffin
• Sodium sulfate
• Sodium sulfite
• Sodium thiosulfate
• Solochrome black
• Sphere polystyrene:packet ( 100 / 25 mm)
• Starch, soluble
• Strontium chloride
• Sugar
• Sulfur, fine powder
• Sulfuric acid
• Tin plate or foil (25 mm2)
• Trimethylpentane, 2, 2, 4 ­ (iso-octane)
• Universal indicator solution
• Urea
• Vinegar
• Zinc carbonate
• Zinc electrodes
• Zinc granulated
• Zinc powder

Appendix 3

The following is a suggested list of equipment for Leaving Certificate Chemistry; it is neither prescriptive nor exhaustive.

Quantities indicated are for a class of 24 students. Items indicated in bold are essential for the mandatory experiments specified in the syllabus.

*= alternative available - indicated elsewhere in the equipment list

** = may not be needed if appropriate datalogging equipment is purchased

• Adhesive tape dispenser - 1
• Adhesive tape in 1" rolls - 10
• Aluminium melting-point blocks* - 12
• Aspirators, polypropylene, 10 l graduated - 10
• Balance, electronic, 2 kg, 2 decimal places - 1
• Balance, electronic, 0-400 g, 3 decimal places - 1
• Barometer (aneroid) accurate to 1 mm of mercury**- 1
• Battery, rechargeable (assorted set of 20) - 1
• Beakers tongs- 12
• Beakers, 1 l, PPR - 12
• Beakers, 1 l, Pyrex - 15
• Beakers, 100 ml, Pyrex - 15
• Beakers, 2 l, PPR - 6
• Beakers, 2 l, Pyrex - 6
• Beakers, 250 ml, low form, Pyrex - 15
• Beakers, 250 ml, PPR- 12
• Beakers, 400 ml, low form, Pyrex - 15
• Beakers, 400 ml, PPR - 12
• Beakers, 50 ml, PPR - 12
• Beakers, 50 ml, Pyrex - 15
• Beehive shelves, 75 mm - 15
• Benchkote (roll), 46 cm × 50 m - 1
• Boiling tubes, Pyrex, 150 mm × 24 - 2
• Bossheads, zinc-plated- 30
• Bottles, dispensing, 250 ml, polystop, graduated to 8 ml- 15
• Bottles, reagent, amber, narrow-mouth, polythene stoppers - 30
• Bottles, reagent, clear, narrow-mouth, polythene stoppers- 10
• Brushes, beaker, wide handle - 15
• Brushes, bottles, 75 × 150, nylon- 12
• Brushes, burette, 19 mm ×75 mm- 10
• Brushes, flask, wings head - 20
• Brushes, T-tube, 30 mm bristle - 15
• Buchner adaptors, rubber - 100
• Buchner flasks, 250 ml- 15
• Bulb-holders, medium, Edison screw, packet of 10 - 2
• Bulbs, medium, Edison screw, 1.5 V, 0.3 A, packet of 10 - 10
• Bungs, red, 15 mm, one hole, for test-tubes - 100
• Bungs, red, 15 mm, solid, for test-tubes - 100
• Bungs, red, 21 mm, one hole, for boiling tubes - 100
• Bungs, red, 21 mm, solid for boiling tubes - 100
• Bungs, red, 31 mm, one hole, for conical flasks - 30
• Bungs, red, 31 mm, solid, for conical flasks - 30
• Bungs, red, 31 mm, two hole, for conical flasks - 30
• Bungs, rubber, no. 13, one hole - 50
• Bunsen burners (flamefast) - 15
• Burette clamps- 12
• Burette storage racks (10 slots) - 2
• Burettes, 50 ml, PTFE stopcock and replaceable tip - 15
• Calorimeters, Cu 75 × 50, lid, stirrer, lagged, outer-vessel, - 12
• Carbon rods - 50
• Chart, periodic table (laminated) - 1
• Chromatography paper, boxes, 25 ×25 cm - 5
• Chromatography paper, rolls, 5 cm ×100 m - 5
• Chromatography tanks - 6
• Clamps, rubber jaw, zinc-plated - 30
• Clock glasses, 10 cm, glass - 15
• Clock glasses, 7.5 cm, glass - 15
• Clock glasses, polythene, 100 mm - 15
• Clock glasses, polythene, 80 mm - 15
• Cloths, cotton (sets of 50) - 1
• Colorimeter**- 1
• Comparators**- 12
• Conical flasks, Pyrex, 250 ml - 15
• Cork borer sets, 1-6 + cork borer sharpener - 2
• Craft knives with 2 packets of blades - 2
• Crocodile clips- 100
• Crucibles, 25 ml, 40 mm, porcelain with lid - 15
• Cylinders, graduated, 1 l, clear plastic - 12
• Cylinders, graduated, 10 ml, clear plastic - 12
• Cylinders, graduated, 100 ml, clear plastic - 12
• Cylinders, graduated, 2 l, clear plastic - 2
• Cylinders, graduated, 25 ml, clear plastic - 12
• Cylinders, graduated, 250 ml, clear plastic - 12
• Cylinders, graduated, 500 ml, clear plastic - 12
• Deioniser (water), complete - 1
• Demo metre scales, 0-1 V - 1
• Demo metre scales, 0-100 °C - 1
• Demo metre scales, 0-3 V - 1
• Demo metre scales, centre zero galvo - 1
• Demo scale galvanometer - 1
• Demo scale, 0-1 V - 1
• Demo scale, -5 °C to +5 °C - 1
• Demo scale, analogue pH dial - 1
• Demonstration metre (interscale) - 1
• Desiccator discs- 5
• Desiccator knobs, top 200 mm + disc - 5
• Desiccators- 2
• Diffraction gratings, 100 lines/cm* - 12
• Digital thermometer, -50 to 300 °C** - 1
• Discharge tube holder- 1
• Discharge tube, hydrogen - 1
• Draining rack backboards and troughs - 2
• Draining racks- 2
• Electric jug kettle (cordless) - 1
• Electrode pH BNC**- 1
• Electrode pH CO-AX P14**- 1
• Evaporating basins, 70 ml and 80 mm - 30
• Eye wash bottles- 12
• Filter paper, grade 1, 15.0 - 20
• Filter paper, grade 1, 18 - 2
• Filter paper, grade 1, 24 - 2
• Filter paper, grade 1, 12.5 - 20
• Fire blankets- 2
• First aid cabinet - 1
• Flasks, Buchner, 500 ml, PL/SA - 15
• Flasks, conical, NM 150 ml, Pyrex - 15
• Flasks, RB boiling, 250 ml, Pyrex - 15
• Flasks, vacuum, 1l - 2
• Flasks, vacuum, 450 ml - 15
• Flasks, volumetric 1l - 15
• Flasks, volumetric 2l - 10
• Flasks, volumetric, 100 ml - 15
• Flasks, volumetric, 250 ml - 15
• Flasks, volumetric, 500ml - 10
• Fume cupboard (portable) and suitable filters - 1
• Funnels, Buchner, plastic, demountable, 7.0 cm paper - 15
• Funnels, glass, 100 mm- 15
• Funnels, plastic, 50 mm - 15
• Gas jars, 150 ×50 mm - 30
• Gas lighter and battery- 1
• Gas syringe holders - 12
• Gas syringe steam jackets - 12
• Gas syringes, self-sealing rubber caps (packet) - 5
• Gas syringes, silica tubing - 10
• Gauzes, ceramic, 150 mm - 15
• Glass-cutting knives with replaceable blades - 2
• Glass tube (long) for gas diffusion experiment, with 2 matching bungs- 1
• Gloves, disposable, large, 50 - 4
• Gloves, heat-resistant- 2
• Glue, PVA, for polystyrene spheres - 2
• Hazard labels sets- 20
• Hazard labels, roll (plastic), set - 1
• Heat resistant mats- 12
• Heavy-duty PVC gloves (pairs) - 4
• Hirsch funnels - 12
• Hofmann voltameter Pt electrodes (pair) - 2
• Hofmann voltameter stand- 1
• Hofmann voltameter, graduated - 1
• Hotplate and magnetic stirrers* - 12
• Indicator bottles, polystop, 60 ml, clear - 15
• Jugs, polypropene, graduated 1l - 5
• Jugs, polypropene, graduated 2l - 5
• Lids, glass jar, 75 mm- 30
• Loop handles, 150 mm - 15
• Magnetic followers- 20
• Mats, heat-resistant, cement mats, 200 mm - 15
• Melting-point tubes, open two ends, packet of 100- 10
• Micro Bunsen burners - 6
• Microscale kits - 12
• Model introductory sets, molymod 001 - 12
• Model orbit molecular lattice sets - 2
• Model sets molymod inorganic - 3
• Model set, s, p and d orbitals - 1
• Model sets, molymod organic 003 - 6
• Model, constructed, diamond lattice - 1
• Model, constructed, graphite lattice - 1
• Model, constructed, ice lattice - 1
• Model, constructed, sodium chloride lattice - 1
• Mortar and pestles, 95 mm, porcelain - 12
• Mortars and pestles, 150 mm, porcelain - 2
• Nickel-cadmium battery charger - 1
• Oven, 32×24×18cm, 14 l capacity- 1
• Overhead projector with change-over bulb and port screw - 1
• pH meter (temp comp.) digital, bench type** - 1
• Pipeclay triangles, 65 mm - 15
• Pipette (bulb), 25 ml- 15
• Pipette fillers, 10 ml, pipe up green - 15
• Pipette stands, plastic (vertical) - 15
• Pipette, fillers, 25 ml, pipe up red - 15
• Pipettes, graduated delivery, 10 ml - 15
• Pipettes, graduated delivery, 25 ml - 15
• Plastic dispensing spoons (box of 1,000) - 1
• Platinum electrodes- 2
• Pliers - 2
• Polystyrene calorimeters and lids - 15
• Polystyrene spheres, 50 mm diameter (pack of 10) - 5
• Polystyrene spheres, 63 mm diameter (pack of 10) - 5
• Power supplies, a.c./d.c., 0-13 V, 8.5 A - 12
• Power supply 0-20 V variable, 6 A - 1
• Power supply, 0-25 V, 8.5 A - 1
• Prisms, crown glass - 2
• Quickfit adaptor spares- 5
• Quickfit adaptors, cone and screw B14 - 10
• Quickfit bends, long B14 - 10
• Quickfit dropping funnels, Cyl 50 ml - 5
• Quickfit inlet and steam tubes, MF5 - 12
• Quickfit inlet for steam distillation, MF5 - 12
• Quickfit Liebig condensers, 14/23 - 5
• Quickfit pear-shaped 50 ml flasks - 15
• Quickfit sets, 27 BU*- 12
• Quickfit stillheads B14 - 5
• Quickfit stoppers B14 - 5
• Quickit RB 100 ml flasks - 15
• Quickfit 2-necked RB 250 ml flasks - 12
• Radioactivity demo kit- 1
• Retort stand bases, 250 mm ×160 mm- 30
• Retort stand rings, 100 mm, with boss - 10
• Retort stand rods, 500 mm ×10 mm, zinc-plated- 15
• Retort stand rods, 600 mm ×13 mm, zinc-plated- 15
• Rubber bands (packet of 100) - 2
• Rubber gloves (pairs)- 6
• Safety glasses- 30
• Safety screens, 750 ×600 ×3 mm (and support)- 2
• Sample tubes (snap-top), 30 ml (box of 140) - 1
• Sandpaper, medium sheets - 50
• Scalpel- 1
• Scissors - 15
• Screwdrivers (set) normal and Philips standard - 1
• Separating funnels, cylindrical, 50 ml, with stopper and PTFE tap - 15
• Silicone tubing, 3 mm diameter - 5
• Smoke cell - 1
• Solid-phase extraction columns and adaptors - 15
• Spatulas, chattaway, 203 mm - 20
• Spatulas, metal, Nuffield type - 20
• Spatulas, spoon end, 150 mm - 20
• Spectrometer PTI*- 1
• Spectroscopes, direct-vision* - 12
• Spill disposal kits- 2
• Stackable storage trays - 20
• Steam generators for gas syringe steam jacket - 12
• Stirring rods, glass, 200 mm - 20
• Stop-clocks (digital)- 12
• Syringes, disposable, polypropylene, 10 ml - 100
• Syringes, gas, 100 ml - 15
• Syringes, gas, excelo, demonstration - 2
• Syringes, hypodermic needles 21 G1.5 - 30
• Tapers (wax), boxes - 5
• Test-tube holders, wooden - 20
• Test-tube racks, 6 holes and peg - 15
• Test-tubes, Pyrex, rimmed, 18 ×150 (box of 100)- 5
• Thermometers, GP, mercury, 10 250 °C by 0.1 °C- 15
• Thermometers, mercury, 10-110 °C by 0.1 °C - 15
• Thermometers, spirit, 10-110 °C, 305 mm - 15
• Thiele tubes*- 15
• Thin-layer chromatography plates - 15
• Tiles, spotting, polyprophylene - 15
• Tiles, white, 100 mm- 15
• Tongs, crucible, bow, 150 mm - 12
• Tripods, 200 mm height × 150 mm length, zinc-plated- 24
• Trolleys and trays - 2
• Troughs, glass, 250 mm - 5
• Troughs, plastic 230 ×230 mm, vertical wall- 12
• T-tubes, side arm, Pyrex, 150 ×24 mm - 15
• Tube, cathode ray, Teltron - 1
• Tube, rubber, N 6.5 ×9.5 mm, Liebig condenser 1 m- 30
• Tubes, combustion 22 × 300 mm - 15
• Tubes, rubber, for Bunsen burner - 30
• Tubes, rubber, H5 ×13 mm, heavy-duty (vacuum) - 20
• Tubes, rubber, N 8 × 12 mm, filter pump outlet 1m - 10
• Tubes, rubber, N5 ×8 mm, for 6 mm soda glass- 20
• Tubing, PVC, 3 mm - 30
• Tubing, PVC, 5 mm - 10
• Tubing, soda glass, 5-6 mm - 10
• Universal indicator charts, laminated (1 packet) - 1
• U-tubes, side arm 125 ×15 mm - 15
• Vacuum filter pumps, metal, nickel-plated brass - 15
• Video player and television set with trolley - 1
• Wash bottles, 250 ml- 15
• Water bath, 5.5 l, with racks - 1
• Water baths, circular - 12
• Water still - 1
• Weighing scoops, 25 ml - 15
• Weighing scoops, 5 ml - 30
• White coats (specify size) - 30
• Winchester carriers- 2
• Wire, nichrome, 22swg, 125g - 2
• Wire-strippers - 2
• Write-on tapes, assorted colours - 10